Photo-/electro-chemically active units

Porphyrins, and phthalocyanines have highly tunable photochemical and electrochemical activity as well as the potential for forming complexes.
Photochromic and photoisomerizable groups have the ability to change their shapes and properties (including binding properties) upon exposure to light.
TTF and quinones have more than one stable oxidation state, and therefore can be switched with redox chemistry or electrochemistry. Other units such as benzidine derivatives, viologens groups and fullerenes, have also been utilized in supramolecular electrochemical devices.